The main methods of measuring precipitation by rain gauge mainly include water-holding method, optical method, acoustic method, and piezoelectric effect method. To solve this problem, the rainfall station network is designed for measuring regional precipitation, and this network has been widely used on land. However, the rain gauge is a single point precipitation measurement tool and unable to obtain the precipitation in a large area. Compared with radar estimation, satellite remote sensing, and microwave link attenuation retrieval of rainfall, the accuracy of rainfall measured by rain gauge is the highest and is usually used as a comparison benchmark for evaluating other precipitation measurement methods.
Rainfall measurement can be obtained directly by rain gauge and can also be indirectly estimated by weather radar and retrieved by satellite remote sensing and microwave link attenuation. The measurement for oceanic precipitation is one of the basic elements of marine meteorological observation, which is significant to the study of marine weather and climate change, water, and energy cycle system as well as numerical weather forecast. The measurement error of the developed capacitive rain gauge is less than 1 mm, which provides a realization method for the measurement of precipitation in the marine environment. Finally, the feasibility of the rain gauge used in the marine environment is verified by the sea test of the prototype. Then, environmental adaptability experiment is carried out on the capacitive rain gauge to explore its performance in the environment of temperature and humidity changes as well as salt spray.
Firstly, according to the working principle and performance requirements of the capacitive rain gauge, the modular mechanical structure and capacitance voltage conversion circuit of the rain gauge are designed, and the calibration and stability experiments of the prototype are tested to evaluate the measurement error and exam the accuracy of the rain gauge measurement results changing over time. The research look at investigating the reliable and precision approach of measuring rainfall and a capacitive rain gauge for the marine environment is developed.
At present, the methods and instruments for measuring the precipitation on land may not effectively work in the offshore corrosion environment which is characterized by salt and humid.
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